•••••
| Buffer | pKa | Usable pH Range |
|---|---|---|
| Trifluoroacetic acid | <<2 | 1.5 - 2.5 |
| KH2PO4 / Phosphoric acid | 2.12 | 1.1 - 3.1 |
| Tri-K-Citrate / hydrochloric acid 1 | 3.06 | 2.1 - 4.1 |
| Potassium formate / formic acid | 3.8 | 2.8 - 4.8 |
| Tri-K-Citrate / hydrochloric acid 2 | 4.7 | 3.7 - 5.7 |
| Potassium acetate / acetic acid | 4.8 | 3.8 - 5.8 |
| Tri-K-Citrate / hydrochloric acid 3 | 5.4 | 4.4 - 6.4 |
| Ammonium formate | 3.8 & 9.2 | 2.8 - 4.8 & 8.2 - 10.2 |
| Bis-tris propane HCl/Bis-tris propane | 6.8 | 5.8 - 7.8 |
| Ammonium acetate | 4.8 & 9.2 | 3.8 - 5.8 & 8.2 - 10.2 |
| KH2PO4 / K2HPO4 | 7.21 | 6.2 - 8.7 |
| Tris HCl / Tris | 8.2 | 7.3 - 9.3 |
| Bis-tris propane HCl/Bis-tris propane | 9.0 | 8.0 - 10.0 |
| Ammonium hydroxide / Ammonia | 9.2 | 8.2 - 10.2 |
| Borate (H3BO3 / Na2B4O7.10H2O) | 9.24 | 8.2 - 10.2 |
| Glycine.HCl / glycine | 9.8 | 8.8 - 10.8 |
| 1-methylpiperidine.HCl / 1-methylpiperidine | 10.1 | 9.1 - 11.1 |
| Diethylamine.HCl / diethylamine | 10.5 | 9.5 - 11.5 |
| Triethylamine.HCl / triethylamine | 11.0 | 10.0 - 12.0 |
| Pyrollidine.HCl/pyrollidine | 11.3 | 10.3 - 12.3 |